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Research & literature

An overview of peptide categories, selected peer-reviewed studies and long-form conversations with researchers — collected to give context to what we sell in the lab.

Types of research
peptides

BPC-157

Body Protection Compound-157

BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a protective protein found in human gastric juice. In preclinical models it is studied for its interaction with tissue-repair pathways, angiogenesis and gastrointestinal integrity.

Research domains

  • Tendon, ligament and muscle repair models
  • Angiogenesis and microcirculation
  • Cytoprotection and inflammatory signalling
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TB-500

Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment

TB-500 is a synthetic fragment derived from Thymosin Beta-4. It is studied in experimental systems for its interaction with cell migration, angiogenesis and tissue-repair mechanisms.

Research domains

  • Tissue and wound repair models
  • Cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics
  • Angiogenesis studies
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BPC-157 / TB-500 Blend

5 mg BPC-157 + 5 mg TB-500

This blend combines BPC-157 and TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment) in a single lyophilised preparation. It is used in experimental systems to study possible synergy between the two recovery-oriented peptides.

Research domains

  • Combined tissue-repair models
  • Angiogenesis and vascular response
  • Cell migration and cytoskeletal activity
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GHK-Cu

Copper Tripeptide-1

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide studied in research settings for its interaction with tissue remodelling, collagen production and cellular signalling pathways.

Research domains

  • Skin regeneration and dermal models
  • Collagen and extracellular matrix
  • Inflammatory response
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Glow Blend

GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500

Glow combines GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and TB-500 in a single lyophilised preparation. It is studied in experimental models for the combined interaction of copper tripeptide and recovery-oriented peptides.

Research domains

  • Skin and tissue regeneration
  • Collagen and extracellular matrix
  • Angiogenesis and vascular support
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Ipamorelin

Growth Hormone Secretagogue (GHS)

Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide and growth hormone secretagogue (GHS). In research settings it is studied for its selective interaction with the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) and growth hormone release patterns.

Research domains

  • Growth hormone signalling
  • Pulsatile GH release models
  • Metabolic pathway studies
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CJC-1295 No-DAC

GHRH analogue (Mod GRF 1-29)

CJC-1295 without DAC (also known as Mod GRF 1-29) is a tetrasubstituted GHRH(1-29) analogue. In preclinical research it is studied for its interaction with the GHRH receptor and pulsatile GH response.

Research domains

  • GHRH receptor interaction
  • Pulsatile GH release
  • IGF-1 response models
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IGF-1 LR3

Long R3 Insulin-like Growth Factor-1

IGF-1 LR3 is an 83-amino-acid analogue of human Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 with an extended N-terminus and Arg³ substitution. In preclinical setups it is studied for extended half-life and reduced binding to IGFBPs.

Research domains

  • IGF-1R signalling
  • Protein synthesis pathway studies
  • Cell proliferation models
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Tesamorelin

GHRH analogue

Tesamorelin is a synthetic GHRH analogue (hGHRH(1-44)). In preclinical research it is studied for its interaction with the GHRH receptor and response in visceral-fat-tissue models.

Research domains

  • GHRH receptor binding
  • Endogenous GH response models
  • IGF-1 signalling
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NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a co-enzyme central to cellular energy metabolism. In research settings it is studied for its role in mitochondrial function, DNA repair and sirtuin signalling.

Research domains

  • Cellular energy metabolism
  • Sirtuin pathway research
  • DNA repair and genomic stability
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Semax

Heptapeptide analogue of ACTH(4-10)

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from a fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH 4-10). In preclinical research it is studied for interaction with BDNF expression and neurotrophic signalling in CNS models.

Research domains

  • BDNF/NGF expression models
  • Cognitive performance models
  • Neuroprotection studies
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DSIP

Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide

DSIP (Delta Sleep Inducing Peptide) is a 9-amino-acid peptide originally isolated from rabbit brain during delta sleep. In preclinical research it is studied for interaction with sleep architecture and stress-response models.

Research domains

  • Sleep architecture models
  • Stress response and HPA axis
  • Endogenous opioid signalling
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PT-141

Bremelanotide — Melanocortin receptor agonist

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a synthetic heptapeptide and agonist of the melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors. In preclinical research it is studied for interaction with CNS pathways around sexual response and appetite regulation.

Research domains

  • MC3R/MC4R receptor interaction
  • CNS pathways for sexual response (preclinical)
  • Appetite and energy-balance models
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Melanotan-2 (MT-2)

Synthetic α-MSH analogue

Melanotan-2 is a cyclic heptapeptide and non-selective agonist of melanocortin receptors (MC1-5R). In preclinical research it is studied for interaction with pigmentation pathways and MC4R-mediated signalling.

Research domains

  • Melanogenesis and MC1R signalling
  • MC3R/MC4R receptor studies
  • Appetite regulation models
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Retatrutide

Triple GIP / GLP-1 / Glucagon Receptor Agonist

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is a multi-receptor agonist peptide. In preclinical research it is studied for its simultaneous interaction with GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptors in metabolic models.

Research domains

  • Receptor interaction and signalling (GIP/GLP-1/GCG)
  • Body-weight and metabolic models
  • Glucose-metabolism research
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Conversations about peptides

Carefully selected long-form episodes with scientists and clinicians. Videos embedded via YouTube.

HUBERMAN LAB

Peptides 101 — what the research actually says

An in-depth conversation on mechanisms, study design and the gap between preclinical and clinical evidence for popular research peptides.

PETER ATTIA, MD

GLP-1 agonists and metabolic health

A deep dive into incretin biology, semaglutide/tirzepatide mechanisms, and how researchers interpret weight and cardiovascular endpoints.

ANDREW HUBERMAN, PHD

Benefits & risks of peptide therapies

An in-depth episode on the major peptide categories — BPC-157, tissue repair, GH secretagogues — and how researchers weigh risk and evidence.

DR. ABOOD BAKRI & ANDREW HUBERMAN

The science of peptides — BPC-157, GLP-1 & recovery

A conversation with an internist about FDA-approved GLP-1 agonists, BPC-157, GH secretagogues and the difference between clinical evidence and the grey market.